Role of Leaders in Business Environment - Marks & Spencer

M&S is company which deals to provide retail products to the customer which aid to increase in profitability of an organisation in proper way. This report explains about different roles and responsibilities which are to be performed by the manager and leaders of M&S. It also explains about types of theories and approaches of leaderships which are implemented in order to gain competitive advantages in the marketplace. This aids to increase the productivity of company.

TASK 1

P1 Define and compare different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager.

Managers and leaders are two personnels which controls and manage different operation of organisation which controls and coordinate different types of functions of organisation in proper manner ( Closs Speier and Meacham, 2011). Manager is the representative of an organisation which delivers different types of information which is given by the administration in order to control and manage various employees working in organisation in decent manner. Whereas leaders are those organisation which give proper guidance to their employees to perform work in effective way. Both individuals are performing their roles and responsibilities which aid employees to perform different type of operations of M&S. This leads to create dynamics environment within organisation. The definitions of leaders and manager are described as below:

Manager: Manager plays significant role to coordinate different functions of an organisation. The manager of M&S monitors performance of different types of purpose of employee. This aid to maintain effectiveness to perform different kind of activities of organisation in descent manner. It also gives appraisals to employee working in organization as per their performance. Manager of M&S conduct different types of training and development program which aids to increase skills and knowledge of worker performing different types of operations of organisation.

Leaders: Leaders plays a significant role in respect to provide direction and guidance in order t performs different types of activities of organisation in proper manner. The main motive of leaders is to determine various needs and wants which is made by worker performing various activities within company. Leader plays an important role to define roles and responsibilities of different employee to complete different functions and operations in a systematic manner. Leaders also deliver information which is given by the upper level of management. This helps to gain effective results (Cochran, Cox and Kharoufeh, 2011).

Here comparison of different roles and responsibilities are given below:

managers	leaders
It plays a vital role in respect to achieve aims and objectives of an organisation in proper manner. It put their efforts to increase profitability level of company.	Leaders motivate their employee to perform different types of operation of M&S.
The major role is to monitor the performance of worker and give appraisals according to their performance	Leaders determine different types of issues and problems which are arise during performing different types of activities on workplace.
Manager of M&S deliver different kind of information which are given by head of department and personnel belong to management level	Leaders provide proper direction to its employee in order to accomplish different operations within stipulated time period.
Manager plays an important role in order to enhance quality and quantity of different products which are produced by M&S.	A leader plays an essential role to conduct different types of meetings, discussion various agendas and also acknowledge assorted types of issues and problems of employee working in organisation.

There are many functions which are performed by managers and leaders.

These functions are given below:

Planning: The major function of manager of M&S is to prepare different types of plans and policies and leaders needs to follow those plans and policies which aids to maximise the level of profit of company in proper manner (Crevier, Cordeau and Savard, 2012).

Directing: Managers of M&S give proper direction to their different worker to accomplish goals and objectives in effective manner. Whereas functions of leaders is to guide their employee to perform various functions of company.

Staffing: The managers of M&S recruit and select new applicants according to requirements of company. This aids to accomplish different types of task in proper way.

Coordinating: There are various types of plans and policies which are implemented by the manager of M&S. This aids to maintain collaboration between the different departments which are performing various functions of organisation in descent manner.

Controlling: The major function of manager is to control over different activities which reduce the performance of an organisation in effective way. Whereas the leaders plays significant role in order to control and manage various activities in order to accomplish goals and objectives of organisation.

TASK 2

P2. Role of leaders and functions of managers in various situational contexts

Leaders and managers are those which controls and manages different types of operations of company in effective manner. To accomplish various operation and regulate employees as per their capabilities of employee. The manager of M&S implements different approaches of leadership style theories. As company is infuse with the different rivals present in marketplace. This leads to reduce the performance of company. In order to attract large number of customer and increase rate of sales of various products. These theories aid to capture large number of share in marketplace. It also guides the manager and leaders in order to inculcate different condition and situation of marketplace (Grunig, 2013). There are various traits which are used by the manger in order to reduce the price of various products. These theories aid to implement different types of new and innovative technology in order to proper running of business in effective way.

There are various leadership theories which are implemented by the organisation which are explained below:

Contingency Leadership Theory: This theory is adopted by the management of M&S in order to implement different types of changes in an organisation for this leader put their effort to motivate and guide their worker to perform their work as per the implemented change. As the company know that it is facing problems with losing interest of different customer which tends to reduce the profit level of company. Therefore, manager of company implement change in organisation to maximise number of customers and launch new and innovative products for its loyal customer (Jørgensen and Zaccour, 2012).

Classical Theory: This theory is adopted by the manager of M&S in respect to make some changes in the policies and strategies of organisation in respect to inculcate with different trends of rivals present in marketplace. It aids the company to stand before different customer in proper manner. This is purposed by the manager of M&S that is called KAIZEN by which employees and management put their effort in order to improve the quality of different products in proper way. This also aids the manager to consider various views which is given in decision-making process.

Behavioural Theory of Management: This theory help manager and leaders to perform different kind of activity as per the policies and strategies made by upper level of management. This theory also explains about to determine various needs and demand which is made by different types of employee working in M&S. The leaders explain about the different types of roles and responsibilities which are supposed to perform by various types of work in effective manner.

P3) Apply different theories and models of approach, including situational leadership, systems leadership and contingency

The leaders and mangers plays an important role in order to tackle various condition and situation of company this aids to enhance skills and knowledge of contrary worker this aids to attain goals and objectives of organisation in proper manner. There are various operations which are done by implementing various types of approach which aid to maintain effectiveness in performing various types of functions of company (Kerzner and Kerzner, 2017).

The manager and leaders determine condition and situation of marketplace and accomplish some changes in the organisation. This aid to increase effectiveness in performing different types of work in proper manner. There are different types of leadership styles which are implemented by company in order to increase the productivity of different types of products in proper manner. This leadership also regulate various employees as per their capability to perform different types of work in effective manner.

Situational leadership: This style is related to increase in potency in performing different types of work in effectual manner (Littlefield, Nallathambi and Chanchlani, 2016). This style is used by the manager of M&S is to increase skills and working efficiency of contrastive kind of employee in proper way. These leadership theories aids to complete different types of activities of organisation in descent manner. These are help to increase the effectiveness in performing different types of activities of organisation in effective manner. These are the two individuals which aids to accomplish goals and objective of organisation in effective way (Singhaland Singhal, 2012). They implement various kind of new and advance technology which aids to perform various operation in smooth manner. This aids to manage and control different types of operation in effective manner

System leadership: This leadership style is implemented by the organisation in order to accomplish different types of operation which are performed in organisation in effective manner. This aids to ascertain needs and want of customer in proper manner. The main objective of this theories is to monitor the performance of organisation in proper manner. It also aids to remove the various issues and problems of different operation in effective manner (torbacka, 2011). There are various strategies which are implemented by manager and leaders in order to maintain effectiveness in performing various activities organisation in effective manner.

CONCLUSION

According to this report, it has been concluded that the manager and leaders are the most important assets for any organisation. There are assorted theories of leadership traits which are used by the manager in order to control various operations to enhance the performance of company. There are diverse types of strategies which are adopted by company. There are different types of style and traits which are used by the organisation in order to accomplish goals and objectives of organisation in effective manner.